The Science of Sex and Gender in Human Health


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Table of Contents Introduction Lessons: Sex and Gender in Biomedical Research Legislative Process Framework Cell Physiology Developmental Biology Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics Clinical Applications of Genomics Course Resources	Basic Science and the Biological Basis for Sex- and Gender-Related Differences "Males and females have different patterns of illness and different life spans…. Understanding the bases of these sex differences is important to developing new approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment." -IOM Report, 2001 Lesson One: Understanding the Importance of Sex and Gender in Biomedical Research Introduction to Core Concepts for the Lesson Learning Objectives Current Use of the Terms Sex and Gender The Concepts of Sex and Gender Sex and Gender Defined for Use in Biomedical Disciplines Sex and Gender in Biomedical Research Discussion on Different Phases of Clinical Research Conclusion References Quiz Lesson Two: Legislative Process Framework Introduction to Core Concepts for the Lesson Learning Objectives Department of Health and Human Services Requirements for Use of Human Subjects in Research Food and Drug Administration Requirements for Use of Human Subjects in Research National Institutes of Health Requirements for Use of Human Subjects Conclusion References Quiz Lesson Three: Cell Physiology Introduction to Core Concepts for the Lesson Learning Objectives Females Are 46, XX; Males Are 46, XY Males Have a Y Chromosome; Females Do Not Females Have Two X Chromosomes; Males Have Only One Conclusion Glossary References Quiz Lesson Four: Developmental Biology Introduction to Core Concepts for the Lesson Lesson Four Learning Objectives Prenatal Phase Birth to Puberty Adulthood Old Age References Quiz Lesson Five: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics Introduction to Core Concepts for the Lesson Learning Objectives Sex-Specific Adverse Drug Effects Understanding Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Sex-Related Differences Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion Issues Pharmacodynamics: Clinical Implications Sex-Specific Conditions Conclusion References Quiz Lesson Six: Clinical Applications of Genomics Introduction to Core Concepts for the Lesson Learning Objectives Genetic Variation Pharmacogenomics Translation of Gene-Based Clinical Tools in Practice Conclusion References Quiz